El afrontamiento en la terapia cognitivo-conductual para el trastorno por consumo de sustancias: revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51247/st.v2i1.15Palabras clave:
Trastorno por consumo de sustancias, Terapia cognitivo-conductual, Afrontamiento, Prevención de recaídas, AbstinenciaResumen
La Terapia cognitivo conductual (TCC) y Prevención de recaídas (PR), han demostrado efectividad en el tratamiento de los Trastornos por consumo de sustancias (TCS), no obstante, el papel del afrontamiento como mecanismo terapéutico requiere mayor integración. El objetivo de la presente revisión sistemática (RS) fue analizar el papel del afrontamiento en TCC dirigidas a la PR en personas con TCS, examinando tanto los tipos de afrontamiento intervenidos como su relación con los resultados clínicos. La RS se realizó bajo las directrices PRISMA y fue registrada en PROSPERO, se identificaron ensayos controlados aleatorizados en Scopus, WoS, PubMed, PsycINFO, SciELO y Redalyc. El riesgo de sesgo fue evaluado con la herramienta JBI. De 618 registros iniciales, 15 estudios cumplieron con los criterios metodológicos. Los resultados indican que las intervenciones fueron efectividad para reducir el consumo y prolongar la abstinencia. El afrontamiento activo, centrado en el problema y reestructuración cognitiva se asociaron con mejores resultados clínicos, en interacción con la autoeficacia y la reducción de la sensibilidad a la ansiedad. La personalización del entrenamiento optimiza la adquisición de habilidades, disminuye conductas evitativas, favorece la adherencia y sostenibilidad del tratamiento, especialmente en poblaciones con comorbilidades. Se concluye que el afrontamiento debe considerarse como objetivo terapéutico central dentro de los programas, dado que su fortalecimiento podría optimizar resultados clínicos y favorecer tratamientos más personalizados
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Derechos de autor 2019 Roberto Osés Aguilera, Elia Natividad Cabrera Álvarez, José Ignacio Cruz Moreira
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
