Intervenciones mediadas por los padres sobre las habilidades sociocomunicacionales en niños con trastorno del espectro autista
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51247/pdlc.v7iEspecial1.1023Palabras clave:
Trastorno del espectro autista, Intervenciones mediadas por padres, Habilidades sociocomunicacionales, NiñezResumen
Las intervenciones mediadas por los padres (PMIs) han adquirido creciente relevancia en el abordaje del Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA), aunque la evidencia disponible aún presenta limitaciones para identificar qué habilidades sociocomunicacionales se benefician en mayor medida y bajo qué condiciones. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática (RS) fue sintetizar los efectos de las PMIs sobre las habilidades sociocomunicacionales de niños con TEA, considerando subdominios infantiles, condiciones de implementación, etapa evolutiva y mediación parental. La RS siguió las directrices PRISMA y registro en PROSPERO. La búsqueda se efectuó en Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, SciELO y Redalyc, identificándose 1.471 registros, de los cuales 22 cumplieron con los criterios establecidos y riesgo de sesgo aceptable mediante las herramientas JBI. Los hallazgos evidenciaron efectos favorables de las PMIs principalmente en habilidades proximales (iniciaciones comunicativas, atención conjunta, comunicación funcional, reciprocidad vocal y lenguaje expresivo). Los programas basados en PACT, PRT, P-ESDM, FCT y modelos de Telesalud reportaron mejoras significativas. Asimismo, la efectividad depende de la fidelidad de implementación, el coaching profesional, la sensibilidad de las medidas utilizadas y la adaptación a las necesidades familiares y contextuales. Se destaca la necesidad de diseños pragmáticos y culturalmente sensibles que evalúen sostenibilidad, aplicabilidad en contextos con recursos limitados y continuidad de los efectos a largo plazo.
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Derechos de autor 2026 María José Mejía-León, Carmita Esperanza Villavicencio-Aguilar
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