Evaluation of the hygienic and sanitary quality of fish sold in informal markets in the city of Moçâmedes, Namibe province.

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the sanitary conditions of the marketing locations and the hygienic and sanitary quality of fish sold in informal markets in the city of Moçâmedes, Namibe Province, intended for human consumption. The direct observation method was based on ten predetermined items, in addition to microbiological analyses performed according to APHA protocols. Twenty fish samples were analyzed for the detection of thermotolerant coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Vibrio spp. The scores obtained in the observations ranged from 2 to 8 points, reflecting partial compliance with the evaluated sanitary criteria. Among the analyzed samples, 2 (10%) presented thermotolerant coliforms and 1 (5%) showed S. aureus counts above the permitted limit. Three samples tested positive for Salmonella biochemically and serologically, but tested negative after PCR screening. Three samples were also identified as potentially pathogenic Vibrio species. Despite the excellent infrastructure observed in some fishmongers, deficiencies in the adoption of good handling and storage practices were noted. It was concluded that traditional methods can produce false-positive results for Salmonella and that the presence of Vibrio spp. not covered by legislation poses a potential public health risk, reinforcing the need for ongoing health surveillance and training for handlers.