Prior consultation in colombian afro-descendant communities: challenges and perspectives.

Abstract

Prior consultation in Afro-descendant communities in the Colombian context faces specific challenges derived from the complex reality of the country. Despite the existence of regulatory frameworks that recognize the right to prior consultation, the effective application of these processes is hindered by violence in some areas, the presence of armed groups and institutional weakness coupled with the lack of knowledge on the part of the communities that are victims of this scourge. The objective of this study was to analyze the implementation of the consultation in Colombia and to propose solutions that promote a more inclusive and effective practice for this mechanism with a particular focus on ethnic minorities, especially Afro-descendants as a focal point of expertise. The study opted for a phenomenological correlational design as a methodology. The population sample was made up of 96 Colombian Afro-descendants over 18 years of age. Two main techniques were used for data collection: semi-structured interviews and direct observations. The research is conclusive in identifying a low participation of Afro-descendants in prior consultations due to barriers such as discrimination, lack of representation and institutional obstacles. A latent concern is that the consultations do not adequately comply with international standards of participation. The strengthening of the participation of indigenous peoples and many ethnic groups, the implementation of various rights and mechanisms such as consultation and education must be elevated as a priority of the State.