Quantitative research: foundations, characteristics, and applications in the social sciences
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51247/st.v8iS3.47Keywords:
quantitative research, methodology, measurement, statistical analysisAbstract
This article addressed the importance of quantitative research as a fundamental approach to knowledge generation and evidence-based decision-making. Its role in various fields, including education, health, public administration, and psychology, was contextualized, highlighting its ability to measure variables, analyze relationships, and generalize results. The main objective was to describe the principles, methods, and examples of the quantitative approach, showing how it allows for the identification of correlations, causal relationships, and behavioral patterns in an objective and replicable manner. The methodology employed consisted of a theoretical review of specialized literature, complemented by illustrative examples that demonstrated the application of the approach in studies on academic performance, job satisfaction, public policies, epidemiological studies, and behavioral or attitudinal analyses. Emphasis was placed on the use of structured instruments, representative samples, and statistical analysis as essential tools to ensure the validity and reliability of the results. Among the main conclusions, it was highlighted that quantitative research offered precision, objectivity, and replicability, making it useful for supporting decisions and evaluating policies and interventions. However, limitations were also identified, such as the rigidity of the instruments, the lack of interpretive depth, and a limited understanding of the context. Finally, it was concluded that the integration of qualitative approaches strengthened the research, allowing for a more complete and contextualized understanding of the phenomena studied.
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